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Due to the constituent nitrogen atom of the amino group, amines have been extensively used as inhibitors of metallic corrosion. This article reviews the reported uses of aniline and related aromatic amines as corrosion inhibitors.

This concluding part reviews the actions of inhibitors to acidic, ammonical, organic, atmospheric and miscellaneous product corrosion on aluminium. The comprehensive reference list is also concluded.

The discovery of the Hall‐Herqult process for the manufacture of aluminium made it possible to obtain the metal in large quantities. Soon it attained the position of a major industrial metal due to its lightness combined with strength, capacity to take up a high polish, excellent conductivity of heat and electricity. Moreover it gives a wide range of extremely valuable alloys with diverse elements such as copper, magnesium, nickel, silicon, zinc, etc.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate when and how people working in collaboration could be benefitted by an exploratory search task, specifically focussing on team size and its effect on the outcomes of such a task.

The paper investigates the effects of team sizes on exploratory search tasks using a lab study involving 68 participants – 12 individuals, ten dyads, and 12 triads. In order to assess various factors during their exploratory search sessions, an evaluation framework is synthesized using relevant literature. The framework consists of measures for five groups of quantities relevant to exploratory search: information exposure, information relevancy, information search, performance, and learning.

The analyses on the user study data using the proposed framework reveals that while individuals working alone cover more information than those working in teams, the teams (dyads and triads) are able to achieve better information coverage and search performance due to their collaborative strategies. In many of the measures, the triads are found to be even better than the dyads, demonstrating the value of adding a collaborator to a search process with multiple facets.

The findings shed light on not only how collaborative work could help in achieving better results in exploratory search, but also how team sizes affect specific aspects – information exposure, information relevancy, information search, performance, and learning – of exploratory search. This has implications for system designers, information managers, and educators.

An issue and event were tracked for 90 days on Twitter, cable television, and large newspapers. The mortgage and housing crisis was an ongoing issue, and the BP oil spill was an ongoing event. As expected, the results suggest media as a predictor of Twitter for the two issue agendas studied. However, this study shows that the agenda-setting effects on Twitter are not equal in regard to issues and events. The agenda-setting effect of the media appeared to be stronger for the issue observed here. Moreover, initial evidence is provided that agendas for the ongoing events were more volatile than ongoing issues. For ongoing events, it appears that agendas are most reflective of the real-world cues that initiate them. This suggests that when real-world cues are largely absent, the media are less salient, and the agenda is more stable and ongoing. Finally, increased temporality appears to better reveal agenda-setting effects for events. Relaxed temporal measures appear to reveal the agenda-setting effect of ongoing issues more effectively. Events are not all equal; neither are issues. As such, the media and Twitter behave differently. This distinction has not yet been made in the literature.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of utilising a holistic ergonomic approach, covering engineering, cognitive and social perspectives, to cultivate beneficial and productive collaborative information seeking (CIS) systems and environments, specifically with regard to three main CIS pillars (control, communication and awareness).

A qualitative research approach, based on a selective corpus of CIS literature, was utilised to perform a content analysis to note if terms and concepts normally associated with engineering, cognitive and social ergonomics can be used to eliminate terms reflecting issues related to three CIS pillars (control, communication and awareness) that can benefit from a holistic ergonomic approach.

The content analysis revealed that a fairly extensive amount of holistic ergonomic terminology is prominent within the CIS literature, therefore establishing a connection between the two disciplines: CIS and ergonomics. This suggests that CIS system issues could benefit from the insights of a holistic ergonomic approach.

Since this is an exploratory study the scope of CIS literature utilised in the content analysis was limited to a selection considered most important by the authors; this should be supplemented by further research.

Intended to instigate interest in further exploration of the beneficial and productive implications and practical application of holistic ergonomics in designing CIS systems and environments.

This is the first research paper in the Library and Information Science literature that explores the potential of utilising holistic ergonomics to cultivate CIS systems and environments.

Plastic has been a very useful material which is very cheap, easy to carry and is resilient to biodegradation. That is why plastic has been used, sometimes reused, and overused due to the reasons mentioned above. As a result, landfills and oceans are full of plastic. But if we consider all the negative health effects, environmental / ecological effects it has in present times, we can understand that it is environmentally very expensive to use plastic. Bangladesh is a relatively young country with dense population and limited resource. Proper management of plastic remains an issue with the country. Considering these, this chapter focuses on how plastic is used, how it is treated as waste and what can be possible solutions in reducing the amount of plastic in Bangladesh.

The evaluation of Schiff bases derived from o‐, m‐ and p‐aminophenols and salicylaldehyde as corrosion inhibitors of zinc in sulfuric acid and to study their action mechanism.

The effect of various parameters on the behaviour of these inhibitors has been studied using the weight loss and polarization measurements.

In general, the ortho isomer was highly effective as a corrosion inhibitor because it formed a chelate with a six‐membered ring and moreover the ortho isomer possessed pronounced electromeric effect. These inhibitors obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The almost constant performance with temperature in the case of ortho and para isomers in 0.5 M sulfuric acid suggested strong adsorption bonds. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that this strong interaction of the inhibitor molecules with the metal surface resulted in spontaneous adsorption. It may be concluded that a good inhibitor is characterised by a relatively greater decrease in free energy of adsorption, lower entropy of adsorption and higher heat of adsorption. Polarization data indicated that all these isomers were predominantly cathodic inhibitors. The conjoint effect of external cathodic current and these inhibitors was either synergistic or additive.

Even more powerful Schiff bases need to be synthesised and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors with a number of metals and alloys in diverse media, which may be effective at low concentrations.

Very few inhibitors exhibit such excellent inhibitive effect on zinc in aggressive corrosive media. Rarely do we find such detailed studies.

The purpose of this article is about the design of controllers for conical two-tank noninteracting level (CTTNL) system in simulation. Local linearization around the equilibrium point has been done for the nonlinear CTTNL system to obtain a linearized model transfer function.

This article deals with the design of novel optimal fractional-order tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller using type-1 fuzzy set for the CTTNL prototype system. In this study, type-1 fuzzy TID controller parameters have been optimized through genetic algorithm (GA) and those set of values have been employed for the design of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller.

A performance comparison between FTID and PID controller is then investigated. The analysis shows the superiority of FTID controller over PID controller in terms of integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) and integral of time multiplied squared error (ITSE) integral errors. The transient and steady state performance of the FTID controller are superior as compared to conventional PID controller. In future, the FTID controller fault-tolerance capability tested on CTTNL system subject to actuator and system component (leak) faults. The detailed study of robustness in presence of model uncertainties will be incorporated as a scope of further research.

A performance comparison between FTID and PID controller is then investigated. The analysis shows the superiority of FTID controller over PID controller in terms of IAE, ISE, ITAE and ITSE integral errors. Additionally, fault-tolerant performance of the proposed controller evaluated with fault-recovery time (F_rt) parameter. The transient and steady state performance of the FTID controller are superior as compared to conventional PID controller.

This chapter addresses Bangladeshi female students’ experiences of higher education in the United Kingdom through the race/gender trajectory. Research shows that although minority ethnic women invest heavily in education, they go on to face obstacles in the labour market. However, there is a strong desire to study which is evident in the increasing numbers of Bangladeshi women applying to university since 1994. The chapter draws on empirical research with women who have claimed a kind of ‘agentic autonomy’ to pursue education in the face of structural inequalities.

The chapter is based on research conducted with a sample of Bangladeshi women studying at or recently graduated from university. Qualitative research was carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews with 13 participants.

The study finds that Bangladeshi women are undeterred by structural inequalities in higher education and employment. Although they expect to face some difficulty finding suitable employment, they are optimistic about the future. They represent a group of women who have been able to achieve their objectives to study at degree level and show aspirations towards achieving similar objectives after graduation.

Bangladeshi women show agency and agentic behaviour to negotiate access to higher education institutions. This will, in the future have a knock-on effect in employment.